What are swollen feet and ankles? Your swollen feet and ankle treatment will most likely be for the condition that is causing the swelling instead of the swelling itself. If your ankles and feet are swelling, an underlying medical issue may be causing your symptoms. Swelling is usually a sign that something else is impacting...
Once a stent is placed in a carotid artery, the stent permanently stays inside the artery. Once placed, the stent permanently stays inside the artery. There is a 2-3% risk of repeat narrowing if the stent also gets blocked in the future. This usually happens within the first 6-9 months. If this happens, the stent...
Most children can live a normal life after pacemaker surgery In most cases, most children can live a normal life after pacemaker surgery. An implanted pacemaker usually lasts around 10 years or more depending on the usage and the type of device implanted, after which the pacemaker would have to be replaced. What is a...
What is cardiac resynchronization therapy? Cardiac resynchronization therapy involves inserting electrodes into the heart attached to an electrical pacemaker device, which will administer electrical current when the heartbeat falls out of rhythm. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment to help the heart beat with healthy rhythm. CRT is a minor surgical procedure to implant...
What is a fractional flow reserve measurement? A fractional flow reserve (FFR) estimates the degree of blockage in the coronary arteries. A fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a procedure done during cardiac catheterization to estimate the degree of blockage in the coronary arteries. It is a guide wire-based procedure that determines the ratio between the...
Carotid endarterectomy may be performed under general or local anesthesia Carotid endarterectomy may be performed under general or local anesthesia, and the procedure may take about 1-2 hours. If both the arteries are to be operated, the time doubles. Carotid endarterectomy is a procedure in which the plaque affected parts of the arteries supplying to the face and...
This type of pacemaker stimulates the lower left and right chamber of the heart. A biventricular pacemaker is a special type of pacemaker to treat heart failure with abnormal electrical systems. This type of pacemaker stimulates the lower left and right chamber of the heart. A biventricular pacemaker is placed in the chest and is...
What is a pulmonary angiography? A pulmonary angiography detects problems in the blood flow of the pulmonary vessels. The results of the procedure are shown as a moving X-ray known as a pulmonary angiogram. Doctors need to insert a catheter into your arm or groin and thread it through your veins to your heart as...
High-sensitivity troponin definition and facts Readers Comments 1 Share Your Story Troponin is a protein found in the body, specifically in heart muscle cells. The three main types of cardiac troponin proteins are I, T, and C. During a heart attack, troponin spills into the bloodstream and it is a biomarker that can indicate cardiac...
Heart lead extraction facts A pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) deliver energy to the heart muscle through wires called leads. A lead extraction is the removal of one or more leads from inside the heart. Leads that are placed outside the heart during open heart surgery cannot be removed during this type of procedure....