What is drug-resistant tuberculosis? There are different types of drug-resistant TB. Usually, anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs have been divided into First-line (early/initial treatment) drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin) Second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin, enviomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, prothionamide and cycloserine, terizidone) Most people with TB are cured by following a strict six-month, four-standard anti-TB drug regimen. However,...
Newborn Jaundice and Kernicterus: Read About Treatment
Newborn jaundice and kernicterus facts Jaundice in newborns is yellowing of the skin due to excessive bilirubin. Kernicterus is a type of brain damage due to excessive bilirubin in the blood. Signs and symptoms of jaundice include skin yellowing of the face, then chest, abdomen and extremities; the whites of the eyes may become yellowish. Contact your baby’s doctor if...
Reflux Laryngitis Diet Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies
Reflux laryngitis definition and facts Reflux laryngitis is inflammation of the voice box (larynx) caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus (acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD). Heartburn is the most common symptom of reflux laryngitis. Acid reflux can irritate and inflame the lining of the esophagus and cause signs and symptoms that may include: Chronic hoarseness Problems...
Mastoiditis Serious Symptoms, Antibiotic Treatment & Surgery
Mastoiditis in children and adults definition and facts Readers Comments 8 Share Your Story Mastoiditis in adults and children is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment. Mastoiditis (acute and chronic) is a bacterial infection of the mastoid cells in the mastoid bone, which is located just behind the ear. Mastoiditis can become serious if the infection spreads outside the...
Thyroid Nodules Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Surgery
Thyroid nodules facts Picture of Thyroid Thyroid nodules are among the most common endocrine complaints in the United States. The majority of thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms or signs; however, when they do they include: Too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). A few people with thyroid nodules complain of pain at the site of the nodule that can travel to...
What Does It Mean When You Have Liver Pain After Drinking Alcohol?
Liver function Drinking excess alcohol can cause liver pain, damage and lead to liver disease or cirrhosis. Long-term alcohol use is linked to chances of developing liver cancer. The liver is a very important body organ. Apart from helping you to process nutrients like fats and proteins, it also removes harmful substances from the body. One such substance is alcohol....
NSAIDs and Stomach Ulcers: Side Effects Related to Pain Relievers
What are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? Readers Comments 2 Share Your Story About 15% of people on long-term treatment with NSAIDs will go on to develop a peptic ulcer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed medications for the inflammation of arthritis and other body tissues, such as in tendinitis and bursitis. They also are used for minor aches and...
Mental Illness: Learn the Definition, Tests and Statistics
Mental illness is any disease or condition that influences the way a person thinks, feels, behaves, and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings. Although the symptoms of mental illness can range from mild to severe and are different depending on the type of mental illness, a person with an untreated mental illness often is unable to cope...
Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis (Nr-axSpA) Symptoms, Treatment & Diagnosis
Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) facts Share Your Story Back pain and morning stiffness are symptoms of nr-axSpA. Non-radiographic spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects mainly the joints in the spine. The typical symptoms of nr-axSpA are back pain and morning stiffness. Patients with nr-axSpA do not have abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints on standard X-rays, such...
Sex and Menopause: Low Desire, Pain, and Vaginal Dryness Remedies & Meds
Will I have a low sex drive or other intimacy problems during menopause? Readers Comments 1 Share Your Story Although menopause may have some negative effects on sexual function, this is not always the case. Each woman's experience of menopause is unique; not all women have the same symptoms or experience symptoms with the same degree of severity. Decreases in...